Disintegration Test

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Gastro Resistant Tablets

This type of dosage form is to be opted when API release is desired in stomach (Antacids, APIs used against H.pylori infection) or site of absorption is either stomach or upper part of small intestine.

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Effervescent Tablets

The oral dosage forms are the most popular way of taking medication despite having some disadvantages like slow absorption and thus onset of action is prolong. This can be overcome by administrating the drug in liquid from but, many APIs have limited level of stability in liquid form. So, effervescent tablets acts as an alternative dosage form. The tablet is added into a glass of water just before administration and the drug solution or dispersion is to be drunk immediately. The tablet is quickly broken apart by
internal liberation of CO2 in water due to interaction between tartaric acid and citric acid with alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates in presence of water.

Due to liberation in CO2 gas, the dissolution of API in water as well as taste masking effect is enhanced. The

advantages of effervescent tablets compared with other oral dosage forms includes an opportunity for formulator to improve taste, a more gentle action on patient’s stomach and marketing aspects. To manufacture these tablets, either wet fusion or heat fusion is adopted. The tablets are compressed soft

enough to produce an effervescent reaction that is adequately rapid. Water soluble lubricants are used to prevent an insoluble scum formation on water surface. To add sweetness to the formulation, saccharin is added since sucrose is hygroscopic and add too much of bulk to the tablet. The manufacturing shall

be done under controlled climatic condition to avoid effervescent reaction. The packaging is done under 25% RH at 25ºC. Hands of the consumers and atmospheric moisture after opening the container can also result in loss of product quality. The most commonly used effervescent tablet today is aspirin tablet. 

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Hypodermic Tablets

 

These tablets contain one or more readily water soluble ingredients and are intended to be added in water for injection of sterile water to form a clear solution which is to be injected parenterally. They were widely used by rural physician due to its portability. One bottle of sterile water was carried by the doctor to prepare many types of injectables. It can be used for medicaments whose stability in water is very poor.

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Sub-Lingual Tablets

Completeness of drug absorption is desired but fast drug absorption is not intended. The tablets are designed not to disintegrate. They are flat elliptical or capsule shaped tablets as it can be easily held between gum and cheek. It’s placed near the opening of parotid duct to provide the medium to dissolve the tablet.

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Dispersable Tablets

These tablets disintegrate either rapidly in water, to form a stabilized suspension, or disperse instantaneously in the mouth to be swallowed without the aid of water. So, it’s preferred for pediatric patients who cannot swallow a solid dosage form and the API is unstable if formulated in liquid formulation. Also helpful for patients having prolonged illness who are prone to nauseatic sensations if they have to swallow a tablet. The added advantage of this formulation is faster onset of action as compared to standard compressed tablet. The properties of the water dispersible tablet, such as porosity, hardness, disintegration time and increase in viscosity after dispersion are necessary to investigate during manufacturing which decides the product performance. The common examples of API formulated in this dosage form are analgesics e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen, etc.

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Film Coated Tablets

These are compressed tablets that are covered with a thin layer or film of a water soluble material. a number of polymeric substances with film-forming properties may be used. Film coating imparts the same general characteristics as sugar coating with the added advantage of a greatly reduced time period required for the coating operation. Advantages in material scince and polymer chemistry has made these coatings the first choice of formulattors.

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Sugar Coated Tablets

Sugar Coated Tablets are compressed tablets surrounded by a sugar coating. Such coatings may be colored and are beneficial in covering up durgs substances processing objectionable tastes or odours and in protecting materials sensitive to oxidation. these coatings were once quite common and genrally lost commercial appeal due to the high cost of process validation. Recently, they have made a comeback due to patient popularity and technical advances.

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Chewable Tablets

The patients who have difficulty in swallowing tablets whole or for children who have not yet learnt to swallow a tablet, chewable tablet serves as an attractive alternative. The added advantage of this medication is that it can be taken at any time or when water is not available. Mannitol is normally used as a base due to low hygroscopy and more importantly, it gives pleasant, cooling sensation. Antacid tablets are invariably prepared as chewable to obtain quick ingestion relief as well as the antacid dose is too large to swallow and the activity is related to particle size. Another example is multivitamin tablet which a patient can take as a daily dose.
These are the tablets which are requires to be broken and chewed in between the teeth before ingestion. These tablets are given to the children who have difficulty in swallowing and to the adults who dislike swallowing. A number of antacid tablets and multivitamins tablets are prepared as chewable tablets. These tablets do not require any disintegrating agent. In chewable tablets Mannitol is used as sweetening agents, it masks the bitter taste of the tablet. It is more 70% sweet than the sucrose. In the tablet it acts as a excipients.

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Compressed Tablets

According to Remington these tablets are formed by compression and in their siplest form, contain no special coating. they are maded from powdered, crystalline or granular materials, alone or in combination with binders, disintegrants, controlled-release polymers, lubricants, diluents and in many cases colorants. the vasr majority of tablets commercialized today are compressed tablets, either in an uncoated or coated state.

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Tablet

What Is Tablet ? A medication, usually mixed with a binder powder, molded and pressed into the form of a tablet, traditionally circular or disk-shaped, but more recently also oblong or differently shaped. 

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